中国・アジア研究論文データベース

This paper discusses the current issues in Japan’s social security system,
and presents some lessons to other societies which are struggling to construct their own social security institutions. Due to disorders in the current system, Japan is facing a deadlock in its social security system. Firstly, Japan’s fertility rate has been too low for a long time and the measures taken to prevent the decline in birthrate have not brought up with favorable effects. Secondly, the nuclearization and individualization of family has resulted in the malfunction of Japan’s traditional social security institution. Thirdly, the
failure of economic policies, particularly after the 1990’s which has been regarded as the most crucial phase has caused the crisis of Japan's social security system directly.

新中国成立后，迅速提升的居民生活水平、不断改善的医疗卫生条件和从20世纪70年代末期在全国展开的独生子女政策，改变了中国人口变化的轨迹。2000 年，中国进入老龄化社会，截至2018年末，中国65岁及以上人口规模达到1.67亿人，在总人口中所占比重达到11.9%。面对规模庞大的老龄人口的出现和不断深化的人口老龄化，中国从2000年开始对实施了30多年的独生子女政策做出调整，逐步引入全面二孩政策，应对不断深化的人口老龄化也成为近些年中国人口领域的核心议题。本研究在对新中国成立至今70年间人口形势和人口政策的变化进行梳理基础上，聚焦近些年中国在应对人口老龄化领域出台的主要政策及其效果，在此基础上对未来应对人口老龄化领域所应做的政策调整方向做出分析。

Nursing care of Japan for the aged came valued from China and other East
Asian countries. But to keep it has become difficult in the transformation of the care insurance system. What is the outlook to be seen after examining the welfare resume theory in East Asia? It is the perspective of actual spots on caring with some relations of care between getter and giver. By reviewing the development of Japanese care-work, and reading the discussion of ‘Social Policy of Care’ by Hiroshi Takahashi and Shuhei Ikai published in ‘Social Security Studies ’vol.1, It is found that their discussion is an untouched subject, who can put this theory into practice? But now, the actors are shut in the workplaces, families and communities. And so it need to start up the Movements
for The Rights of Care-workers for freeing from that surroundings. At last, the research will tell about Japanese bitter experience on caring to our friends in China.

四川是中国的自然災害多发省份，2008 年汶川大地震造成了重大人员伤亡，其中学生的受灾情况格外显著，震后学校的防灾教育逐渐萌发起来。本研究于汶川地震发生10 周年的节点上，观察四川省中小学防灾教育的变化，着眼于学校与防灾相关组织部门的合作，及这些合作是如何影响防灾教育的，并阐明防灾教育中仍存在的问题。在文献研究的基础上，此研究采用定性调查法于4 所学校、大学等研究机关和NGO 展开调查，发现了学校防灾教育发展得益于众多机构或直接或间接的支持，而学校在教育学生的同时也在向社区输出防灾信息，成为提高区域防灾能力的站点。

在中国，经过追诉时效期限不被判定为有罪的情况非常少。因此，中国的追诉时效制度有着被指出事实上已经不存在了等诸多问题。那么，会运用到追诉时效制度的检察官如何看待这一制度呢，本文即就追诉时效制度采访多名中国检察官，对采访结果进行的分析研究。但是由于编幅有限，本文只围绕该制度与立案的关系为话题进行分析研究。本文得出的结论是至少有关追诉时效制度，中国检察官就相关条文知道的很少，尽管开始工作的时候被告知过但还是有限实际上的情况而运用该制度。

本文从移住系统理论出发，考察了福清新华侨的来日过程。通过考察发现移住系统理论中的“相互扶助型”移住系统和“市场媒介型”移住系统分别在福清新老华侨的来日过程中占支配地位。而且血缘、地缘的作用方式也在福清新华侨的来日过程中发生着变化，从而出现了「混合型」移住模式。作为移住系统的一环，本文还对福清新移民的高额移动费用筹措做了考察与分析。通过分析发现，「个人借贷」是福清新华侨移动费用筹措的主要方式，且这一方式是兼具「市场交换」与「互酬」双重性质的混合性行为。这种包含混合型移住模式和混合性移动费用筹措方式的福清新华侨移住系统不同于以往的移住系统理论，体现了福清新华侨来日过程的特点。

Two decades after the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, there has
been a growing level of mistrust of the government and worry about the interference from the Chinese government. Localism movements advocating for higher autonomy and a ‘local Hong Kong identity’ have been developing rapidly. Against this background, this paper aims to study how Christianity, which has played an important role in social welfare and political movement in Hong Kong, is related to the recent localism movements. It first provides an overview of the social and political participation of Christianity in Hong Kong and discusses how localism movements have developed in the past decades. It then examines the role of Christianity in the recent localism movements, especially the Umbrella Movement. The paper ends with some discussions about the rise
of “localist” churches and the growing internal conflicts of Christian churches after the Umbrella Movement. In short, while Christianity has a spectacular role in the Umbrella Movement, the tension between “pro-establishment” and “pro-local” camp is also rising rapidly within the Christian community in Hong Kong.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of entering higher
education among second generation Chinese women growing up in Japan from the
viewpoint of a parent-child relationship and inheritance of ethnic culture. As the results, firstly, it’s found that a parent-child relationship in Chinese family is likely to be tightly connected with each other emotionally, and Chinese language and culture are also transmitted from parents to children because second generation Chinese frequently go back and forth between Japan and China from early age so that they became a member of transnational Chinese family as a family strategy. Secondly, however, second generation women are expected to transfer money and get married for Chinese family as a gender role, which gave rise to conflicts for them. According to segmented assimilation theory, while these conflicts among second generation women can be strongly affected by social and economic background of their family, modes of incorporation urging to create women’s strategy are needed for further explanation for achieving higher education process.